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History of the Punjab
The name ''Punjab'' is a xenonym/exonym and the first known mention of the word Punjab is in the writings of Ibn Batūtā, who visited the region in the 14th century.〔(Encyclopedia of Sikhism ) - Punjab〕 The term came into wider use in the second half of the 16th century, and was used in the book ''Tarikh-e-Sher Shah Suri'' (1580), which mentions the construction of a fort by "Sher Khan of Punjab". The first mentioning of the Sanskrit equivalent of 'Punjab', however, occurs in the great epic, the Mahabharata (pancha-nada 'country of five rivers'). The name is mentioned again in ''Ain-e-Akbari'' (part 1), written by Abul Fazal, who also mentions that the territory of Punjab was divided into two provinces, Lahore and Multan. Similarly in the second volume of ''Ain-e-Akbari'', the title of a chapter includes the word ''Panjnad'' in it.〔(''Ain-i-Akbari'' )〕 The Mughal King Jahangir also mentions the word ''Panjab'' in ''Tuzk-i-Janhageeri''.〔''Punjabi Adab De Kahani'', Abdul Hafeez Quraishee, Azeez Book Depot, Lahore, 1973.〕 ''Punjab'', derived from Persian and introduced by the Turkic conquerors of India, literally means "five" (''panj'') "waters" (''āb''), i.e., the Land of Five Rivers, referring to the five rivers which go through it. It was because of this that it was made the granary of British India. Today, three of the rivers run exclusively in Punjab, Pakistan, and Punjab, India has the headwaters of the remaining two rivers, which eventually run into Pakistan.
==Indus valley civilisation==
(詳細はIndus River basin had evolved and expanded giving rise to the Indus Valley Civilisation, one of the earliest in human history. At its height, it boasted large cities like Harrapa (near Sahiwal in West Punjab). The civilisation declined rapidly after the 19th century BCE, for reasons that are still largely unknown.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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